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when changed its gauge

v)However, growth of South merely regained what it had done before war, average income in the South substantially lower than that of North

vi)Manufacturing growth required industrial labor force. Most were women, wages much lower than in N. Mill towns restricted by company w/ labor unions suppressed, credit thru company- but led to sense of community

c)Tenants and Sharecroppers

i)S still primarily agrarian. 1870s/1880s growth of tenantry and debt peonage, reliance on cash crops. Crop-lien system resulted in many losing land, maj of ppl in S became tenant farmers

ii)“Sharecropping” system where farmers promised large share of crop for land, tools- little money left over after payments. Subsistence farming gave way to only growth of cash crops- increased poverty. Coupled w/ “fence laws” (prevented ppl from raising livestock) led to decline in living self-sufficiently

iii)Backcountry + blacks affected led populist protests to follow in 1880s/1890s

d)African Americans and the New South

i)Some blacks attracted to New South